Web Survey Bibliography
Objective. To assess the effects of two different mixed-mode (mail and web survey) combinations on response rates, response times, and nonresponse bias in a sample of primary care and specialty internal medicine physicians.
Data Sources/Study Setting. Primary data were collected from 500 physicians with an appointment in the Mayo Clinic Department of Medicine (DOM) between February and March 2005.
Study Design. Physicians were randomly assigned to receive either an initial mailed survey evaluating the Electronic Medical Record (EMR) with a web survey follow-up to nonrespondents or its converse—an initial web survey followed by a mailed survey to nonrespondents. Response rates for each condition were calculated using standard formula. Response times were determined as well. Nonresponse bias was measured by comparing selected characteristics of survey respondents to similar characteristics in the full sample frame. In addition, the distributions of results on key outcome variables were compared overall and by data collection condition and phase.
Principal Findings. Overall response rates were somewhat higher in the mail/web condition (70.5 percent) than in the web/mail condition (62.9 percent); differences were more pronounced before the mode switch prior to the mailing to nonrespondents. Median response time was 2 days faster in the web/mail condition than in the mail/web (median=5 and 7 days, respectively) but there was evidence of under-representation of specialist physicians and those who used the EMR a half a day or less each day in the web/mail condition before introduction of the mailed component. This did not translate into significant inconsistencies or differences in the distributions of key outcome variables, however.
Conclusions. A methodology that uses an initial mailing of a self-administered form followed by a web survey to nonrespondents provides slightly higher response rates and a more representative sample than one that starts with web and ends with a mailed survey. However, if the length of the data collection period is limited and rapid response is important, perhaps the web survey followed by a mailed questionnaire is to be preferred. Key outcome variables appear to be unaffected by the data collection method.
Web survey bibliography (4086)
- Experiments on non- response in internet- based research; 2007; Reips, U.-D.
- Using Technology to Improve Data Quality; 2007; Cunningham, J., Pearson, C., Parkhurst, D.
- Mobile Phone Data Collection; 2007; Lavine, S.
- A Study on Technical and Cultural Differences in Survey Methodology Between Japan and the United States...; 2007; Matsumoto, W.
- Effects of Offering Web Questionnaires as an Option in Enterprise Surveys: the Swedish Experience; 2007; Erikson, J., Furubjelke, E.
- Using the Web for Surveys of Medical Providers; 2007; Narayanan, V., Giambo, P., Fry, S., Crafts, J.
- Calibration and Propensity Score Weighting in Web Surveys; 2007; Fabrizi, E., Biffignandi, S.
- Boosting Response Rates: Are There Optimal Times to Email Respondents?; 2007; Bennett-Harper, S., O'Brien, J., Levin, K., Davis, B., Shipp, S., Campbell, S., Sienkiewicz, R.
- Beyond Demographics: Are ‘Webographic’ Questions Useful for Reducing the Selection Bias...; 2007; Schonlau, M., van Soest, A., Kapteyn, A.
- Maximising respondent engagement: The use of rich media; 2007; Reid, J., Morden, M., Perez Echeverria, A.
- Truth in measurement: Comparing Web Based interviewing Techniques; 2007; Couper, M. P., Terhanian, G., Bremer, J., Thomas, R. K.
- How Demographic Characteristics Affect Mode Preference in a Postal/Web Mixed-Mode Survey of Australian...; 2007; Diment, K., Garrett-Jones, S.
- Response rate and completeness of questionnaires: A randomized study of internet versus Paper-and-Pencil...; 2007; Holm- Christensen, K., Hjollund, H. N., Basnov, M., Kongsved, S. M.
- Following Up Nonrespondents to an Online Weight Management Intervention: Randomized Trial Comparing...; 2007; Couper, M. P., Peytchev, A., Strecher, V., Rothert, K., Anderson, K. J.
- First Experiences with Internet Surveying in the German Socio-Economic Panel; 2007; Wagner, G. G., Schupp, J., Schraepler, J.-P., Siegel, N.
- The Impact of Events on Attitudes: Real-time Measurement; 2007; Stoop, I.
- Compare and contrast - Study looks at online vs. offline multicultural research; 2007; Farrar, T., Schwartz, N., Mayor, N., Anthony, D., Faas, T.
- Best practices for online qualitative research; 2007; Stevens, B.
- Mixing Web and Mail Methods in a Survey of Physicians; 2007; Beebe, T. J., Locke, G. R., Davern, M. E., Anderson, K. J., Barnes, S. A.
- Development and Analysis of Joint Internet-Telephone Hunter Surveys; 2007; Lukacs, P. M.
- Reducing Nonresponse by SMS Reminders in Mail Surveys; 2007; Virtanen, V., Sirkiä, T., Jokiranta, V. Sirkia, T.
- The Reporting of Nonresponse Analyses in Survey Research; 2007; Werner, S., Praxedes, M., de Rouvray, C., Kim, H. G.
- Using Text Messages in U.S. Mobile Phone Surveys ; 2007; Steeh, C. G., Buskirk, T. D., Callegaro, M.
- Testing for the survey mode effect on contingent valuation data quality: A case study of web based versus...; 2007; Marta-Pedroso, C., Freitas, H., Domingos, T.
- Dynamic Forms: Online Surveys 2.0 ; 2007; Funke, F., Reips, U.-D.
- Do Tailored Messages of Encouragement Reduce Web Survey Break-offs?; 2007; Sakshaug, J. W., Crawford, S. D., Inkelas, K. K.
- Compensating for low topic interest and long surveys: A field experiment on nonresponse in Web surveys...; 2007; Marcus, B., Bosnjak, M., Lindner, S., Pilischenko, S., Schuetz, A.
- Forced response in online surveys: bias from reactance and an increase in sex-specific dropout; 2007; Stieger, S., Reips, U. -D., Voracek, M.
- The methodology of Internet-based experiments; 2007; Reips, U.-D.
- Sampling Bias in an International Internet Survey of Diversion Programs in the Criminal Justice System...; 2007; Hartford, K., Carey, R., Mendonca, J.
- Drop Downs and Scroll Mice: The Effect of Response Option Format and Input Mechanism Employed on Data...; 2007; Healey, B.
- Internet and written respiratory questionnaires yield equivalent results for adolescents; 2007; Raat, H., Mangunkusumo, R. T., Mohangoo, A. D., Juniper, E. F., Van Der Lei, J.
- Personalized salutation, power of sender and response rates to Web-based surveys; 2007; Joinson, A. N., Reips, U. -D.
- Dutch Online Panel Comparison Study (NOPVO); 2006; R. van Ossenbruggen; T. Vonk; P. Willems
- Migration Watch: an Internet survey to monitor spring migration in Britain and Ireland; 2006; Baillie, S. R., Balmer, D. E., Downie, I. S., Wright, K. H. M.
- Substance use and sexual behaviours of Japanese men who have sex with men: A nationwide internet survey...; 2006; Hidaka, Y., Ichikawa, S., Koyano, J., Urao, M., Yasuo, T., Kimura, H., Kihara, M., Ono-Kihara, M.
- Telephone versus Face-to-Face Interviewing: Mode Effects on Data Quality and Likely Causes. Report...; 2006; Jaeckle, A., Lynn, P., Roberts, C.,
- DADOS-Survey: an open-source application for CHERRIES-compliant Web surveys; 2006; Shah, A., Jacobs, D. O., Martins, H., Harker, M., Menezes, A., Harker, M., McCready, M., Pietrobon,...
- Snowball Sampling ; 2006; Berg, S.
- Introduction nonresponse bias in household surveys ; 2006; Singer, E.
- Essential Steps for Web Surveys: A Guide to Designing, Administering and Utilizing Web Surveys for University...; 2006; Cheskis-Gold, R., Loescher, R., Shepard-Rabadam, E., Carroll, B.
- Don't make me think: a common sense approach to web usability; 2006; Krug, S.
- The use of an Internet-based Ask the Doctor Service involving family physicians: evaluation by a web...; 2006; Umefjord, G., Hamberg, K., Malker, H., Petersson, G.
- A short introduction to usability in online surveys; 2006; Kaczmirek, L.
- Measuring task-specific perceptions of the world wide web ; 2006; Page-Thomas, K.
- Oversurveying: Causes, Consequences, and Cures; 2006; Weiner, S. P., Dalessio, A. T.
- Online Reporting: Real Time, Real Impact, Real Opportunities ; 2006; Barbera, K. M., Young, S.
- Online Surveys: Critical Issues in Using the Web to Conduct Surveys; 2006; Fenlason, K., Suckow-Zimberg, K.
- Getting Action from Organizational Surveys: New Concepts, Technologies, and Applications; 2006; Kraut, A. I.
- Survey Methodology; 2006; Nusser, S. M.